Frame house



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J. BOYD.

FRAME HOUSE.

No. 252,302, Patented Jan. 17,1882.

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J. BOYD.

FRAME HOUSE. No. 252,302. Patented Jan. 17.1882.

1 UNITED STATES PATENT- OFFICE.

JOHN BOYD, OF GALVESTON,'TEXAS.

jFRAME HOUSE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 252,302, dated January 17, 1882.

' Application filed June 18,1881. (1Y0 model.) W

To all whom it may concern:

tical central cross-sectionof the root of a frame house embodying my improvements. Fig. 2, Sheet 1, isasection in the plane of the line -00;

I .Fig. 3, Sheet 1, a section in the plane of the line it y,'viewed in thedire'ction indicated by the arrow there shown. Fig. 4, Sheet 1, is a detail in side elevation of one of the roof battens. Fig. 5, Sheet 1, is a like representation of one of the root-boards. Fig. 6, Sheet 1, is a detail showing the mode ofjoining the purlin and rafters. t Fig. 7, Sheet 2, is a perspective, showingthe mode of constructing the ceiling; and Fig. 8, Sheet 2, is a section in the plane of the line 2 z.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts.

My invention relates to the construction of the roof and ceiling.

A A are the wall-plates, and B B are the tie-beamsfif LO (l are the king-posts. D D are the rafters. E E are the purlins. F F are the roof-boards. G Gare the caps or batten. H H are key-boards. I I are the saddle-boards, and J is the rid ge-pole. K K are the ceiling-boards. L and Ljarejkeys, and MM are verge-boards.

The principal features of my invention, so i'aras the same relate to the roof, are substantiallyas follows: i

Across the rafters I cut dovetail ,gains a t to receive the purlins, and in one edge of the purlins I make a V-shaped groove, in. The depth of the gains a a is such that the purlins stand about half their thickness above the rafters, and thegains a a are somewhat longer than the purlins are broad, asindicated. Alter arranging the purlins in their places or seats in the gains a 0,1 lock them there by means of keys L L. Upon the upperpurlin, by preference, I make a rib, a", and in the roof-boards I cut a correspondingly arranged gain or groove, 1), so that when the roof-boards are arranged in place they will} be prevented from slipping downward. 'I also sink into the upper sides of the roof-boards the longitudinal grooves b b. t

The batten or caps G, I make T-shaped, in

below the under sides of the latter, as is clearly indicated in Fig. 8. r In thelower edges of the tongues c 0, I make the dovetail grooves c 0,

arranged to engage the grooved edges of the.

purlin. The battens will by this means he held down in their proper places, and they in turn hold down the roof-boards to the frame of the roof. I make the upper sides of the roof-boards and batten somewhat dishing, as is elearlyindicated in Figs. 2 and 3, to aid indraining the rain or water-away from thejoints. The grooves or channels 'b b'' will also drain away any water that may find its way underneath the lateral extensions or wings of the batten. The upper ends of the batten have in them a bevel or under-cut, d, and the lower edges of the keyboards H H are correspondinglybeveled, as shown at d. the saddle-boards rigidly together,so that when. they are secured in their proper places the keyboards will not only prevent the batten from being moved upward, but also so that the batten will hold down the key-boards and saddleboards securely at their lower edges during the engagement of the beveled edges dand d. It will be perceived that it'the battens cannot I connect these key-boards and be pushed upward or toward the ridge-pole struction allows the whole roof-covering to expandandcontract withoutinjury. Thebattens and roof-boards being capable of lateral movement, and not being secured by means of nails, screws, or like fastenings',noinjury results. The. parts may also be arranged together and separated with facility. mThe battens, as will be perceived, need only to be dropped or-arranged between the roof-boards in order to cover the joints between the latter.

1 construct the ceiling as follows: The tiebeams or ceiling-joists B B are grooved, as shown ate 6', and into these grooves I arrange the ceiling-boards K K, which are previously made of suitable length to admit of being ar ranged in the said grooves, as indicated in Fig. 7, thus forming panels.

To fasten the tie-beams down upon the wallplates I make in the former a beveled gain,f, and upon the wall-plates I fasten a beveled key, f. By placing the tie-beam upon the Wall-plate, and then slipping the former along laterally until the key f enters the gain f, the beam will be held down securely. A projection of any desired length may thus be given at the eaves, and a cornice finish produced by fastening the verge-boards M M to the projecting ends of the tie-beams.

It may be herestated that the gains a a may be made to fit the purlin, in which case the purlin should beinserted endwiseinto the said gains, and the keys L L will not be absolutelyessential; but I deem it best to make the said gains long enough to permit the purlin to be dropped into them, and to use the said keys for the purpose set. foith.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in a roof, of the T- shaped caps or battens G G, having in their depending tongues the transverse dovetail grooves c c, the roof-boards F F, arranged above the grooves 0 c and below the horizontal or lateral arms of the said battens, and the purlins E E, adapted to enterthe grooves c c and grooved longitudinally to engage the said tongues, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. The combination, in a roof, of the pnilins E E, having thereon the ribs a a, and having on one longitudinal edge thereof the V- shaped groove 0/, the rafters D D, having therein the dovetail gains a a, and the roofboards, having therein the gains or grooves I) b, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. The combination, in a roof, of the T- shaped caps or battens G G, the roof-boards F F, the purlins E E, and the rafters D D, when the said battens overlap and depend between and below the said boards, and when the said battens and rafters have therein dovetailed grooves, and the purlins have V-shaped grooves to admit of their being connected to each other, substantially as and for the pur-' poses specified.

4. The combination, in a' roof, of the roofboa'rds F F, having therein the grooves or channels b b, and the T-shaped caps or battens G G, covering the said grooves or channels and depending between and below the said boards, and having in their lower edges transverse grooves c c, for adapting them to be locked to the frame by means of correspondinglyformed purlins, substantially as and for the purposes specified. r

5. The combination, in a roof, of the dishing roof-boards F F, having therein the grooves or channels I) b, and the T-shaped and dishing caps or battens G G, extending between the said boards and covering the said grooves or channels, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

6. The combination of the T'shaped caps or battens G G, having therein the dovetailgains c c, the roof-boards F F, and the purlins E E, having therein the grooves a a, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

7. The combination, in aframe house,of the wall-plates A A, the tie-beams B B, arranged upon the wall-plates, and having therein the beveled gainsff, and the beveled keysff,

applied to the said plates,substantially as and for the purposes specified;

JOHN BOYD. 

